{"id":226,"date":"2020-04-30T13:08:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T10:08:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com\/?page_id=226"},"modified":"2020-05-10T13:01:38","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T10:01:38","slug":"a-vitamini-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/a-vitamini-ozellikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"A Vitamini ve \u00d6zellikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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A Vitamini<\/h1>

A vitamini v\u00fccudunuzda ya\u015famsal bir \u00f6neme sahip ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir besindir.<\/h4>

Yedi\u011finiz yiyeceklerde do\u011fal olarak bulunur ve takviyeler yoluyla da t\u00fcketilebilir.<\/h4>

Bu makalede, A vitamini, faydalar\u0131, besin kaynaklar\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca eksiklik ve toksisite gibi etkileri payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/h4>

A vitamini nedir?<\/h2>

A vitamini genellikle tekil bir besin maddesi olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte, ger\u00e7ekte retinol, retinal ve retinil esterleri i\u00e7eren bir grup ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bile\u015fi\u011fin ad\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0(1)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Yiyeceklerde iki farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde bulunur. \u00d6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitamini \u2013 retinol ve retinil esterler \u2013 sadece s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, karaci\u011fer ve bal\u0131k gibi hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bulunurken, provitamin A karotenoidleri meyve, sebze ve ya\u011flar gibi bitkisel g\u0131dalarda bol miktarda bulunur.\u00a0(2)<\/b><\/sub>\u00a0Bunlar\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in, v\u00fccudunuzun her iki formunu da, vitaminin aktif formlar\u0131 olan retinal ve retinoik aside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi gerekir.<\/p>

A vitamini ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011fundan, daha sonra kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere v\u00fccut dokusunda depolan\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 karaci\u011ferinizde retinil ester formunda tutulur.\u00a0(3)<\/b><\/sub>\u00a0Bu esterler daha sonra, retinol ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 proteine (RBP) ba\u011flanan t\u00fcm trans-retinol i\u00e7ine par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Daha sonra kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131za girer, ancak bu noktada v\u00fccudunuz kullanabilir durumda olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0(4<\/a>)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Vitamin A, hem hayvansal hem de bitkisel g\u0131dalarda bulunan bir grup ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bile\u015fik i\u00e7in genel bir terimdir.<\/p><\/blockquote>

A Vitamini\u2019nin \u0130\u015flevleri ve Yararlar\u0131<\/h2>

A vitamini sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in gereklidir, h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonunu, fetal geli\u015fimi ve g\u00f6rmeyi destekler. Belki de en iyi bilinen fonksiyonlar\u0131ndan biri g\u00f6rme ve g\u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki rol\u00fcd\u00fcr .<\/p>

Aktif formu olan retinal, renk g\u00f6rme ve az \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6rme i\u00e7in gerekli bir molek\u00fcl olan, Rodopsin olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in protein opsin ile birle\u015fir.\u00a0(5)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca, kornea olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00f6z\u00fcn en d\u0131\u015f tabakas\u0131 ve konjonktiva olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn y\u00fczeyini ve g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7ini kaplayan ince bir zar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ve beslenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.\u00a0(6)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca, cildiniz, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n\u0131z, ci\u011ferleriniz, mesaneniz ve i\u00e7 kulaklar\u0131n\u0131z gibi y\u00fczey dokular\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>

V\u00fccudunuzu enfeksiyondan koruyan bir t\u00fcr beyaz kan h\u00fccresi olan T h\u00fccrelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekleyerek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonunu destekler.\u00a0(7)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Dahas\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 cilt h\u00fccrelerini, erkek ve di\u015fi \u00fcreme ve fetal geli\u015fimi destekler.\u00a0(8)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

G\u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6rme, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonu, h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, \u00fcreme ve fetal geli\u015fim i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p><\/blockquote>

A vitamini\u00a0sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden fayda\u00a0sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir besindir\u00a0.<\/p>

1. Potansiyel Antioksidan<\/h3>

Provitamin A, beta-karoten<\/a><\/strong>, alfa-karoten ve beta-kriptoksantin gibi karotenoidler, vitamin A \u00f6nc\u00fclleridir ve antioksidan \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir.<\/p>

Karotenoidler, oksidatif stres yaratarak v\u00fccudunuza zarar verebilecek y\u00fcksek oranda reaktif molek\u00fcller olarak bilinen serbest radikallerle sava\u015f\u0131r.\u00a0(9)<\/b><\/sub>\u00a0Oksidatif stres diyabet, kanser, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bili\u015fsel gerileme gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kronik hastal\u0131klarla ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0(10)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Karotenoidlerden zengin diyetler, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, akci\u011fer kanseri ve diyabet gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fma riskini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektedir.\u00a0(11,12,13)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

2. A Vitamini G\u00f6z Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in temel bir besindir ve Makuler Dejenerasyonu \u00d6nler.<\/h3>

A vitamini g\u00f6rme ve g\u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. Beslenmede yeterli al\u0131m\u0131, halk aras\u0131nda \u201csar\u0131 nokta hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak bilinen ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 makula dejenerasyonu (AMD) gibi baz\u0131 g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, y\u00fcksek beta-karoten, alfa-karoten ve beta-kriptoksantin d\u00fczeylerinin AMD riskini % 25\u2019e kadar azaltabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0(14)<\/b><\/sub>\u00a0AMD olu\u015fum riskini azaltmas\u0131, karotenoid besinlerin oksidatif stres seviyelerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek mak\u00fcler dokuyu korumas\u0131 nedeniyledir.<\/p>

Klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda sentetik Vitamin A g\u00f6z damlas\u0131, kuru g\u00f6z tedavisinde etkili sonu\u00e7 vermi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer tedavilerin aksine, kuru g\u00f6z\u00fcn altta yatan nedeni olan, h\u00fccresel de\u011fi\u015fiklerini tersine \u00e7evirebilir.<\/p>

3. A Vitamini Baz\u0131 Kanser T\u00fcrlerine Kar\u015f\u0131 Koruyucu Olabilir.<\/h3>

A vitamini antioksidan \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle, karotenoid bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin meyve ve sebzeler belirli kanser t\u00fcrlerine kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>

\u00d6rne\u011fin, 10.000\u2019den fazla yeti\u015fkin \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kanda en y\u00fcksek alfa-karoten ve beta-kriptoksantine sahip sigara i\u00e7enlerin, bu besinleri almayan\u00a0 ve sigara i\u00e7meyenlere g\u00f6re, akci\u011fer kanserinden \u00f6l\u00fcm riski % 46 ve % 61 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu tespit edildi.\u00a0(15)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Dahas\u0131, test t\u00fcp\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 retinoidlerin mesane, meme ve yumurtal\u0131k kanseri gibi baz\u0131 kanser h\u00fccrelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engelleyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0(16)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

4. A Vitamini Do\u011furganl\u0131k ve Fetal Geli\u015fim i\u00e7in Hayati \u00d6neme Sahiptir.<\/h3>

A vitamini hem erkek hem de di\u015fi \u00fcreme i\u00e7in esast\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sperm ve yumurta geli\u015fiminde rol oynar.<\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca plasenta sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, fetal doku geli\u015fimi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in de kritiktir.\u00a0(8)<\/b><\/sub>\u00a0Bu nedenle, anne ve cenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve de gebe kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

5. A Vitamini Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k Sisteminizi G\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/h3>

A Vitamini, v\u00fccudunuzu hastal\u0131klardan ve enfeksiyonlardan koruyan tepkileri uyararak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>

Hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 korunan imm\u00fcn yan\u0131tlarda merkezi rol oynayan B ve T h\u00fccreleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere belirli h\u00fccrelerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda rol oynar.<\/p>

Eksikli\u011fi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin tepkisini ve i\u015flevini azaltan pro-inflamatuar molek\u00fcllerin seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesine neden olur.\u00a0(17)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

6. AIDS\u2019de A Vitamini eksikli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/h3>

HIV enfeksiyonlu hastalarda vitamin A eksikli\u011fine s\u0131k rastlan\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda HIV enfeksiyonlu ki\u015filerin %15 den fazlas\u0131nda vitamin A eksikli\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi olan HIV\u2019li hastalarda, olmayanlara g\u00f6re yard\u0131mc\u0131 T h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck saptan\u0131r. Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi HIV enfeksiyonu olanlarda \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla olmas\u0131yla da ili\u015fkilidir.\u00a0(34<\/strong>)<\/sub><\/p>

A Vitamini oksidatif stresi kontrol alt\u0131nda tutarak, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek ve baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyarak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumlu y\u00f6nde etkiler.<\/p><\/blockquote>

A Vitamini Eksikli\u011fi Belirti ve Bulgular\u0131<\/h2>

Eksikli\u011fi, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte, \u00f6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitamini ve provitamin A karotenoidlerinin besin kaynaklar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 eri\u015fimi olmas\u0131 nedeni ile geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde daha yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>

Eksikli\u011fi, ciddi sa\u011fl\u0131k komplikasyonlar\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re, Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi \u00e7ocuklarda \u00f6nlenebilir k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6nde gelen nedenidir.Ayr\u0131ca, k\u0131zam\u0131k ve ishal gibi enfeksiyonlardan \u00f6lme oran\u0131 ve riskini de art\u0131r\u0131r.\u00a0(18,19)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

\u0130lk olarak 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vitamin A deste\u011fi yap\u0131larak yeni do\u011fan k\u0131zam\u0131klar\u0131nda ki \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n %50 azalt\u0131labildi\u011fi kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131zam\u0131k tedavisinde Vitamin A deste\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131, sadece geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde gerekli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclsede, Kaliforniya\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada k\u0131zam\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n %50\u2019sinde Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kapsaml\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lama \u00f6nlemleri sayesinde \u00e7ocuklardaki k\u0131zam\u0131k riski azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Vitamin A tedavisi \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer viral enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde gerekmektedir. Bug\u00fcn en s\u0131k rastlanan viruslardan biri Respiratuar Sinsisyal Vir\u00fcst\u00fcr (RSV). RSV k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklardaki solunum sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u0131k bir nedenidir. RSV ile enfekte \u00e7ocuklarda A vitamini seviyesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck A vitamini ile hastal\u0131k aras\u0131nda k\u0131zam\u0131kta g\u00f6sterilene benzer ili\u015fki mevcuttur.<\/p>

Ek olarak, Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi, hamile kad\u0131nlarda anemi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm riskini artt\u0131rmakta, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fmeyi yava\u015flatarak fet\u00fcs\u00fc olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemektedir.\u00a0(20)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Erken do\u011fan bebekler, kistik fibrozlu insanlar ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki hamile veya emziren kad\u0131nlar gibi baz\u0131 gruplar daha fazla Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi riski alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0(23)<\/b><\/sub><\/p>

Hiperkaratoz<\/h5>

Vitamin A eksikli\u011finin daha az ciddi belirtileri aras\u0131nda hiperkeratoz ve akne gibi cilt sorunlar\u0131 bulunur.\u00a0(21,22)<\/sub><\/b>\u00a0Vitamin A tedavisi keratinin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretildi\u011fi (Hiperkeratoz) cilt sorunlar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a etkilidir. Keratin derideki g\u00f6zenekleri t\u0131kayarak kaz derisi etkisi yapan bir proteindir. Sivilce, sedef hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, iktiozis, liken planus, Darrier Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, palmoplantar keratoderma, pitriazis rubra, pilaris Hiperkeratoz ile ilgili cilt sorunlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde y\u00fcksek doz tedavi verilir. Y\u00fcksek doz A vitamini alanlarda yan etkiler meydana gelebilir. Ancak bu hastal\u0131klarda karotenlerin etkili oldu\u011fu ve daha az yan etkisi oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131tlar vard\u0131r. A vitamini etkisi, retinol seviyesi, serum retinol ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 proteinin kapasitesini a\u015farak zarlar\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozup keratin \u00fcreten h\u00fccrelerde par\u00e7alanmaya yol a\u00e7mas\u0131yla olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

\u0130lerlemi\u015f Vitamin A eksikli\u011finde solunum, gastrointestinal ve \u00fcriner sistem mukozal bariyerleri de etkilenir. Devam\u0131nda Vitamin A eksikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 Kseroftalmi meydana gelir. Bu \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Vitamin A eksikli\u011fi daha \u00e7ok geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bunlardan \u00f6zellikle Asya \u00fclkelerindeki \u00e7ocuklarda y\u0131ll\u0131k 10 milyon adet kseroftalmi olu\u015fur.<\/p>

Kseroftalmi:<\/b><\/h5>

G\u00f6zle alakal\u0131 Vitamin A eksikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bulgular i\u00e7in kseroftalmi terimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Enfeksiyonlara uygun bir ortam olu\u015farak keratit, konjuktivit g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. K\u00f6rl\u00fck vitamin A eksikli\u011finin en \u00f6nemli komplikasyonlar\u0131ndan biridir. Kseroftalmi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen Asya\u2019daki en \u00f6nemli \u00f6nlenebilir k\u00f6rl\u00fck nedenidir.<\/p>

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) geli\u015fmemi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki vitamin A eksikli\u011fini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in her alt\u0131 ayda bir \u00e7ocuklara proflaktik olarak y\u00fcksek doz (200.000 I.U.) A vitamini deste\u011fi vermektedir.<\/p>

A vitamini eksikli\u011fi k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe, artm\u0131\u015f enfeksiyon riskine, hamilelik komplikasyonlar\u0131na ve cilt sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p><\/blockquote>

A Vitamini Fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yan Etkileri ve Etkile\u015fimleri<\/h2>

A vitamini ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, v\u00fccudunuzda depolan\u0131r ve zamanla sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z seviyelere ula\u015fabilir.<\/p>

\u00c7ok fazla t\u00fcketmek, ciddi yan etkilere neden olabilir ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek dozlarda al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir.<\/p>

Akut Vitamin A toksisitesi, tek, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede y\u00fcksek bir dozun t\u00fcketildi\u011fi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre boyunca meydana gelirken, kronik toksisite, G\u00fcnl\u00fck Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Gereken De\u011fer (RDA)\u2019in 10 kat\u0131ndan daha fazla dozlar uzun s\u00fcre boyunca al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. (<\/strong>30<\/b>)<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>

Kronik Vitamin A toksisitesinin en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen yan etkileri genellikle hipervitaminoz A olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve baz\u0131 belirtileri ise g\u00f6rme bozukluklar\u0131, eklem ve kemik a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131 ve kusma, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 hassasiyeti, sa\u00e7 kayb\u0131, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kurumu\u015f cilt, karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131, sar\u0131l\u0131k, gecikmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcme, ciltte k\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 olarak say\u0131labilir.<\/p>

Kronik Vitamin A toksisitesinden daha az yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, akut Vitamin A toksisitesi, karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131, artm\u0131\u015f kranial bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve hatta \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi daha ciddi semptomlarla ili\u015fkilidir. (<\/strong>31<\/b>)<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>

Dahas\u0131, Vitamin A toksisitesi anne ve fetal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebilir ve do\u011fum kusurlar\u0131na neden olabilir. (<\/strong>32<\/b>)<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>

Toksisiteyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, y\u00fcksek doz Vitamin A takviyesinden uzak durun.<\/p>

Besinlerle y\u00fcksek oranda karotenoid al\u0131m\u0131 toksisite ile ili\u015fkili de\u011fildir, ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar beta-karoten takviyelerini sigara i\u00e7enlerde akci\u011fer kanseri ve kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini art\u0131rma ile ili\u015fkilendirmi\u015ftir. (<\/strong>33<\/b>)<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>

\u00c7ok fazla t\u00fcketmek zararl\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, Vitamin A takviyesi almadan \u00f6nce doktorunuza dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/p>

Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla y\u00fcksek doz Vitamin A (100.000-300.000 IU) al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda h\u0131zl\u0131ca toksititeye yol a\u00e7\u0131p, kafa i\u00e7i bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kusma, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, eklem a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, papil \u00f6demi meydana gelir. Vitamin dozu azalmas\u0131yla semptomlar h\u0131zl\u0131ca geriler, tam iyile\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>

Gebelikte Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>

Gebelerin A vitamini kullanmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bunun yerine beta-karoten kullanabilirler. New England Journal of Medicine\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada gebelikte (\u00f6zellikle ilk yedi haftada) 10.000 I.U den fazla al\u0131nan dozlar, ABD\u2019deki her 57 \u00e7o\u00e7uktan birindeki do\u011fum defektinden sorumlu g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Gebe kalma riski olanlar, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 dozu 5000 I.U.\u2019nin alt\u0131na \u00e7ekmelidir.<\/p>

Y\u00fcksek doz Vitamin A si\u011filce ve hiperkeratotik cilt hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak doktor takibinde kullanmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Toksisite genellikle cilt sorunlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek doz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelir. Genelde, birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde g\u00fcnde 300.000 I.U den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozlarda toksisite g\u00f6z\u00fckmez.<\/p>

Diyetle beta-karoten deste\u011fi yapmak, fotosensitif hastal\u0131klar gibi y\u00fcksek doz tedavi gerektiren durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda toksisiteye yol a\u00e7maz. Hastalar genelde ishalden \u015fik\u00e2yet eder ancak bu durum kendili\u011finden d\u00fczelir ve tedaviyi b\u0131rakmay\u0131 gerektirmez.<\/p>

Serumda karoten seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi herhangi bir toksisite g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi gibi, ciltte sararma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda soruna yol a\u00e7maz. Y\u00fcksek miktarda havu\u00e7 ya da havu\u00e7 suyu t\u00fcketmek (g\u00fcnl\u00fck 1 kg kadar) adet d\u00fczensizliklerine ve n\u00f6tropeniye yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>

E<\/strong> vitamini<\/strong><\/a> ve \u00e7inko<\/strong><\/a> A vitamininin fonksiyon g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u00c7inko, C vitamini ve tiroid hormon eksikliklerinde provitamin A\u2019n\u0131n, A vitaminine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc bozulur.<\/p>

Vitamin A toksisitesi, karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131, g\u00f6rme bozukluklar\u0131, bulant\u0131 ve hatta \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi semptomlara neden olabilir. Y\u00fcksek dozda A vitamini takviyesi doktorunuz taraf\u0131ndan re\u00e7ete edilmedik\u00e7e ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>

\u00d6nerilen G\u00fcnl\u00fck A Vitamini Dozu<\/h2>

Vitamin A eksikli\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebildi\u011fi gibi, \u00e7ok fazla almak da tehlikeli olabilir.<\/p>

Kullan\u0131m amac\u0131, Vitamin A’n\u0131n dozunu belirlemektedir. \u00d6nerilen g\u00fcnl\u00fck al\u0131m miktar\u0131 (RDA), erkekler i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde 900 mcg ve kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde 700 mcg\u2019d\u0131r. Bu miktarlara\u00a0 uygun bir beslenme diyeti izleyerek kolayca ula\u015f\u0131labilir(27<\/sub><\/strong>).<\/p>

Bununla birlikte, yeti\u015fkinlerde toksisiteyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 10.000 IU (3.000 mcg) tolere edilebilir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 (UL) a\u015fmamak \u00f6nemlidir(27<\/sub><\/strong>).<\/p>

Karaci\u011fer gibi hayvansal kaynakl\u0131 kaynaklarla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda \u00f6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitaminini t\u00fcketmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da, toksisite en yayg\u0131n olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 takviye al\u0131m\u0131 ve Isotretinoin tedavisinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (28<\/sub><\/strong>,29<\/sub><\/strong>)<\/p>

A vitamini aktivitesi \u0130nternasyonel \u00dcnite (I.U) olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir I.U, 3 mikrogram retinol ya da 6 mikrogram beta-karotene e\u015fittir. 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda A vitamini aktivitesinin retinol e\u015fde\u011feri (R.E) olarak belirtilmesi \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.1 mikrogram retinol= 1 retinol e\u015fde\u011feri (R.E), 6 mikrogram beta-karoten 1 R.E ye e\u015fit olmaktad\u0131r. 1980\u2019den beri her iki \u015fekilde de ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>
\u00a0<\/td>KADIN<\/strong><\/td>ERKEK<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
0-6 ay<\/strong><\/td>400 mcg<\/td>400 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
6-12 ay<\/strong><\/td>500 mcg<\/td>500 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
1-3 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>500 mcg<\/td>500 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
4-8 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>400 mcg<\/td>400 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
9-13 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>600 mcg<\/td>600 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
14-18 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>700 mcg<\/td>900 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
19-30 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>700 mcg<\/td>900 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
31-50 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>700 mcg<\/td>900 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
51-70 ya\u015f<\/strong><\/td>700 mcg<\/td>900 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
70 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>700 mcg<\/td>2,4 mcg<\/td><\/tr>
Gebelikte<\/strong><\/td>770 mcg<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Laktasyon<\/strong><\/td>1300 mcg<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

*<\/strong> Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies<\/a>\u00a0g\u00f6re yeti\u015fkinlerde \u00f6nerilen g\u00fcnl\u00fck A vitamini al\u0131m de\u011feri erkekler i\u00e7in\u00a0900\u00a0mcg<\/b>, kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in\u00a0700\u00a0mcg\u00a0olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

**<\/strong> T.C. Tar\u0131m,G\u0131da ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>‘na g\u00f6re yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in A vitamini g\u00fcnl\u00fck referans al\u0131m de\u011feri 800 mcg <\/b>olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Besin Kaynaklar\u0131<\/h2>

Hem \u00f6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitamini (retinol, retinil esterler), hem de provitamin A Karotenoidler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin \u00e7ok fazla besin kayna\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00d6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitamini, bitki kaynakl\u0131 provitamin A karotenoid kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re v\u00fccudunuz taraf\u0131ndan daha kolay emilir ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

V\u00fccudunuzun beta-karoten gibi karotenoidleri aktif A vitaminine etkili bir \u015fekilde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme yetene\u011fi, genetik, beslenme, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve ila\u00e7lar gibi bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r(24<\/sub><\/strong>).<\/p>

\u00d6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitamini bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en y\u00fcksek yiyeceklerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>

Yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131, S\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti karaci\u011feri, Ci\u011fer, Tereya\u011f\u0131, Morina karaci\u011feri ya\u011f\u0131, Tavuk ci\u011feri, Somon, \u00c7edar peyniri, Karaci\u011fer, Uskumru, Alabal\u0131k<\/p>

Beta Karoten gibi Provitamin A karotenoidlerini i\u00e7eren g\u0131dalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise;(25<\/sub><\/strong>,26<\/sub><\/strong>): Tatl\u0131 patates, Kabak, Havu\u00e7, Lahana, Ispanak, Karahindiba, K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Biber, Balkaba\u011f\u0131<\/p>

\u00d6nceden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f A vitamini, karaci\u011fer, somon ve yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131 gibi hayvansal g\u0131dalarda bulunurken, provitamin A karotenoidleri, tatl\u0131 patates, lahana ve \u0131spanak gibi bitkisel g\u0131dalarda bulunur.<\/p><\/blockquote>

Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>

A Vitamini, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonu, g\u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcreme ve fetal geli\u015fim i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahip ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir besindir.<\/p>

Hem eksikli\u011fi hem de fazla al\u0131m\u0131 ciddi yan etkilere neden olabilir, bu nedenle yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in g\u00fcnl\u00fck 700-900 mcg beslenme referans de\u011ferlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olsa da, yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00fcnl\u00fck 700-900 mcg s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamak ta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir beslenme program\u0131, bu temel besin maddesini g\u00fcvenli miktarda alman\u0131z i\u00e7in iyi bir yoldur.<\/p>

G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7erisinde bu tarz bir beslenme program\u0131na ula\u015fmakta zorluk \u00e7ekiyor olabilirsiniz.<\/p>

Imucore<\/strong>24<\/strong>, i\u00e7eri\u011finde (10ml’sinde) 300 mcg A Vitamini ve 1.5 mg Beta-Karoten\u00a0<\/b>deste\u011fi ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n % 38 ini<\/strong>\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131layarak, beslenme program\u0131n\u0131za g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir katk\u0131da bulunur. (**<\/strong><\/a>)<\/h4>

Kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 33 ayr\u0131 kaynaktan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/a><\/p>

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https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK431094\/\n7.<\/strong> Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Nov \/ Vitamin A and retinoic acid in T cell\u2013related immunity<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3471201\/\n8.<\/strong> Nutrients. 2011 Apr \/ Vitamin A in Reproduction and Development<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3257687\/\n9.<\/strong> Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul-Dec \/ Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3249911\/\n10.<\/strong> Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017 \/ Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5551541\/\n11.<\/strong> Food Nutr Res. 2015 \/ Carotenoids: potential allies of cardiovascular health?<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4321000\/\n12.<\/strong> Front Oncol. 2017 \/ Inverse Association between Dietary Intake of Selected 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Geneva: WHO, 2011; WHO Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Postpartum Women. Geneva: WHO, 2011<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3648723\/\n33.<\/strong> Nutr Cancer. 2009 \/ Beta-carotene and lung cancer in smokers: review of hypotheses and status of research.<\/strong> \/ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20155614<\/pre>
\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A vitamini v\u00fccudunuzda ya\u015famsal bir \u00f6neme sahip ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir besindir.
\nYedi\u011finiz yiyeceklerde do\u011fal olarak bulunur ve takviyeler yoluyla da t\u00fcketilebilir.
\nBu makalede, A vitamini, faydalar\u0131, besin kaynaklar\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca eksiklik ve toksisite gibi etkileri payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[125],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8455,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226\/revisions\/8455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imucore24.com.tr\/sanal-magaza\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}